What effect does spongy moth feeding have on tree health?

Spongy moth larvae, formerly known as gypsy moths, are known to feed on the foliage of many tree species, particularly oaks. Their feeding can cause significant defoliation, which detrimentally impacts tree health. When trees lose a substantial amount of their leaves, their ability to photosynthesize is reduced, leading to weakened growth and vitality. This reduction in health can make trees more susceptible to various diseases and pest infestations as their natural defenses are compromised. Additionally, stressed trees are less capable of recovering from severe feeding damage, further increasing their vulnerability to pathogens and environmental stresses.

The other options presented do not align with the known effects of spongy moth feeding. Strengthening immune response or aiding in nutrient absorption contradicts the detrimental impact of defoliation. Likewise, suggesting that feeding has no effect overlooks the substantial negative consequences it can have on tree health in affected environments.