What is the carapace of a turtle?

The carapace is defined as the hard upper shell of a turtle, as well as of other organisms like crustaceans and arachnids. In turtles, the carapace is an integral part of their anatomy, providing protection for their body and vital organs. It is made of bony plates covered by a layer of keratinized scales, contributing significantly to the turtle's defense against predators. The unique structure of the carapace allows it to be both lightweight and strong, making it effective for the turtle in aquatic as well as terrestrial environments. Understanding the function and composition of the carapace helps highlight the evolutionary adaptations of turtles for survival.